Throughout Europe’s history, cafes have been a breeding ground of ideas. Some of the great artistic and intellectual movements started in the cafes of Paris, Vienna, London, Amsterdam, Lisbon or Berlin. For many centuries the coffee houses of Europe have served as places for discussing ideas and promoting human progress. Whether in the mirrored cafés of fin-de-siècle Vienna or the smoky coffee houses of 18th century London, people have regularly gathered in Europe’s cafes to discuss new ideas on politics, literature, art and science.